From a discussion I was having at lunch a few days back: here’s the news that the Nobel for Medicine was won by Barry J. Marshall and J. Robin Warren, who discovered that stomach ulcers were caused by H. pylori bacteria, not stress. Figured they would get it sooner or later, and they deserve it - must have struggled against ridiculous odds (and an odd amount of ridicule, probably) to overturn conventional wisdom.
I wonder whether their being Australian helped them, in that they were more distant from the ’traditional’ centres of medical research in the US / Western Europe and so were not as saddled with the prevailing thinking. (Looking at the list of previous winners, the most recent non-US/Europe winner was Peter C. Doherty, another Aussie, but he did his research in the US. Can’t figure out the last winner of the Nobel for Medicine who did his or her work outside the US or Europe, but then I’m too lazy to click every year, so I stopped in 1980.)
I’m sure that sense of them being distant could have hurt them quite a bit, seeing that they were challenging received wisdom - they could easily have been dismissed, and it is a testament to their perseverance and to the scientific process that their work has been recognised.
Helicobacter pylori and Ulcers: a Paradigm Revised (incidentally, nice to see “paradigm” used in the Thomas Kuhn Structure of Scientific Revolutions sense, not the business-jargon one).